Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Clot-busting drugs for infections of the lining of the lung – Cochrane Library (free)

Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre‐eclampsia and its complications – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications – Cochrane Library (free)

Related Randomized Trial: Aspirin versus Placebo in Pregnancies at High Risk for Preterm Preeclampsia – New England Journal of Medicine (free study and commentaries)

Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of surgically‐induced remission in Crohn’s disease – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn’s disease – Cochrane Library (free)

Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Beta-blockers to prevent death or serious events after surgery not involving the heart – Cochrane Library (free)

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs safe and effective for treating heavy menstrual bleeding? – Cochrane Library (free)

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Does delaying cord clamping or using cord milking at birth improve the health of babies born too early? – Cochrane Library (free)

Related: Delayed umbilical cord clamping reduces hospital mortality for preterm infants (free) AND Cohort Study: Delayed Cord Clamping is Associated with Reduced Odds of Severe Neurological Injury or Mortality in Extremely Low-gestational-age Neonates (free) AND Randomized Trial: Delayed Clamping vs Milking of Umbilical Cord in Preterm Infants (link to abstract)

Related Commentary on Twitter

For babies who are born #preterm: delayed, rather than early #cordclamping, may reduce the risk of death before discharge. Updated #CochraneEvidence from @CochranePCG https://t.co/8nLKiPZvuW @CochraneNeonate

— The Cochrane Library (@CochraneLibrary) September 20, 2019

Cochrane Special Collection: Diagnosing Dementia – Cochrane Library (free articles)

Commentary: Dementia diagnosis: a decade of evidence – Evidently Cochrane (free)

Comparison of oral versus parenteral methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis – PLOS One (free)

Commentary: Rheumatoid arthritis: parenteral MTX tops pills for efficacy – Univadis (free registration required)

Follow‐up strategies for patients treated for non‐metastatic colorectal cancer – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Follow-up strategies for participants treated for non-metastatic colorectal cancer – Cochrane Library (free)

A systematic review of clinical guidelines on the management of acute, community-acquired CNS infections – BMC Medicine (free)

Related: The UK joint specialist societies guideline on the diagnosis and management of acute meningitis and meningococcal sepsis in immunocompetent adults (free) AND ESCMID guideline: diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial meningitis (free) AND Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal septicaemia in under 16s: recognition, diagnosis and management – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (free) AND Management of suspected viral encephalitis in adults – Association of British Neurologists and British Infection Association National Guidelines (free) AND Management of suspected viral encephalitis in children – Association of British Neurologists and British Paediatric Allergy, Immunology and Infection Group National Guidelines (free)

An evidence‐based approach to developing low‐carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes management: A systematic review of interventions and methods – Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism (free)

Source: EvidenceAlerts

Perioperative Fluid Restriction in Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – World Journal of Surgery (free)

Source: EvidenceAlerts

Hypofractionation for clinically localized prostate cancer – Cochrane Library (free)

Chlorhexidine bathing of the critically ill for the prevention of hospital‐acquired infection – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Bathing critically ill patients with chlorhexidine to prevent hospital-acquired infections – Cochrane Library (free)

“Due to the very low-certainty evidence available, it is not clear whether bathing with chlorhexidine reduces hospital-acquired infections, mortality, or length of stay in the ICU”

Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Taxane-containing chemotherapy for women after surgery for early breast cancer – Cochrane Library (free)

Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm (normal heartbeat) after reversing atrial fibrillation (correcting an irregular heartbeat) – Cochrane Library (free)

Diagnosis and treatment for hyperuricemia and gout: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements – BMJ Open (free)

Related Guidelines: 2018 updated European League Against Rheumatism evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of gout – Annals of Rheumatic Disease (free) AND Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians (free) AND Diagnosis of Acute Gout: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians (free) AND The British Society for Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout – Rheumatology (free)

Antipsychotics for Treating Delirium in Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review – Annals of Internal Medicine (free)

Antipsychotics for Preventing Delirium in Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review – Annals of Internal Medicine (free)

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials on Preoperative Physical Exercise Interventions in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer – Cancers (free)

Related: Preoperative exercise training for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer – Cochrane Library (free) AND Preoperative patient preparation in enhanced recovery pathways – Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology (free)

Early Experience With Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review – Journal of the American Heart Association (free)

“TMVR was a feasible, less invasive alternative for treating severe mitral regurgitation in patients with high or prohibitive surgical risk”

Quality of dietary fat and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: individual participant data meta-analysis – The BMJ (free)

Commentaries: Interventions for type 2 diabetes successful across the genetic landscape – Massachusetts General Hospital (free) AND Genetics no barrier to dietary modification benefits on type 2 diabetes risk – medwire News (free)

Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis – The BMJ (free)

Editorial: Every step you take – The BMJ (free)

Commentaries: “Sit less—move more and more often”: all physical activity is beneficial for longevity – The BMJ Opinion (free) AND ‘Sit less, move more’ may be key advice for living longer – NHS Choices (free) AND Every Little Step Helps – Any Physical Activity Linked to Decreased Mortality – MedicalResearch.com (free)

Global Incidence of Frailty and Prefrailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Network Open (free)

Commentaries: The Dynamics of Frailty Among Older Adults – JAMA Network Open (free) AND Frailty is a medical condition, not an inevitable result of aging – Monash University (free)

Related: Best practice guidelines for the management of frailty: a British Geriatrics Society, Age UK and Royal College of General Practitioners report – Age and Ageing (free) AND A Review of Frailty Syndrome and Its Physical, Cognitive and Emotional Domains in the Elderly – Geriatrics (free) AND Frailty: Identifying elderly patients at high risk of poor outcomes – Canadian Family Physician (free)

A Meta-Analysis Comparing Lobectomy versus Segmentectomy in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer – The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (free)

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Is vitamin D supplementation beneficial or harmful for women during pregnancy? – Cochrane Library (free)

Emergency Department Interventions for Older Adults: A Systematic Review – Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (free)

Alcohol Use in Pregnancy and Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis – Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (free PDF)

Commentary: Alcohol exposure during pregnancy linked with dose-dependent increase in miscarriage risk – News Medical (free)

Screening for reducing morbidity and mortality in malignant melanoma – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Screening for malignant melanoma (a type of skin cancer) – Cochrane Library (free)

Featured Review: Evidence for the benefits and harms of screening for malignant melanoma – Cochrane Library (free)

Comparison of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Targeted Biopsy With Systematic Biopsy Alone for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Network Open (free)

Commentaries: The Evolving Paradigm of Prostate Cancer Screening – JAMA Network Open (free) AND MRIs Improve Targeting of Biopsies for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis – MedicalResearch.com (free)

Related Cochrane Review: MRI Pathway vs. Systematic Biopsy for Detecting Prostate Cancer (free)

“Prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging combined with targeted biopsy is associated with improved detection of clinically significant prostate cancer and reduced numbers of biopsy cores per procedure, while potentially avoiding unnecessary biopsies.”

Assessment of Therapeutic Interventions and Lung Protective Ventilation in Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis – JAMA Network Open (free)

Related Guidelines: Formal guidelines: management of acute respiratory distress syndrome – Annals of Intensive Care (free) AND Guidelines on the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome – BMJ Open Respiratory Research (free) AND Guidelines On The Management Of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – Intensive Care Society (free PDF) AND The clinical practice guideline for the management of ARDS in Japan – Journal of Intensive Care (free) AND An Official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (free)

Related Review: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – Nature Reviews Disease Primer (free PDF)

“This network meta-analysis supports the use of prone positioning and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in addition to lung protective ventilation in patients with ARDS.”

Financial conflicts of interest in systematic reviews: associations with results, conclusions, and methodological quality – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Financial conflicts of interests and results, conclusions, and quality of systematic reviews – Cochrane Library (free)

Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Treatments for ulcers (wounds) and other skin changes in people with leprosy – Cochrane Library (free)

Lifestyle changes for treating psoriasis – Cochrane Library (free)

Related Commentary on Twitter

Lifestyle changes for treating #psoriasis – https://t.co/IqJHV5TDVE Cochrane Systematic Review includes RCTs with 1163 participants. Low‐calorie diet + exercise programme probably results in a greater reduction in the severity of psoriasis but effects vary. #skin

— The Cochrane Library (@CochraneLibrary) July 22, 2019

Accuracy of transvaginal sonography versus magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of rectosigmoid endometriosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis – PLOS One (free)

Commentary: Transvaginal ultrasound and MRI achieve similar accuracy for diagnosing lower bowel endometriosis – NIHR Signal (free)

Meta‐analysis of effect of routine enteral nutrition on postoperative outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy – British Journal of Surgery (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Source: EvidenceAlerts

Association of Early Interventions With Birth Outcomes and Child Linear Growth in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Bayesian Network Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials – JAMA Network Open (free)

Related Commentary on Twitter

New @JAMANetworkOpen meta-analyses of 169 randomized trials including 302,061 participants concludes it is important to intervene early for child development in LMICs, during pregnancy if possible, & combine interventions from multiple domains https://t.co/YQnIqlz1P1 pic.twitter.com/q48D3SWhqm

— Keith Godfrey (@KeithMGodfrey) July 28, 2019

Infection rate among nutritional therapies for acute pancreatitis: A systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials – PLOS One (free)

Related Meta-Analysis: Efficacy comparisons of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials – Bioscience Reports (free) AND Enteral nutrition provided within 48 hours after admission in severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis – Medicine (free)

Related Guidelines: 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis – World Journal of Emergency Surgery (free) AND American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on Initial Management of Acute Pancreatitis (free) AND Pancreatitis – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (free) AND American College of Gastroenterology Guideline: Management of Acute Pancreatitis (free)

Safety and efficacy of testosterone for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial data – The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries: Testosterone may significantly improve sexual function and sexual well-being in postmenopausal women – The Lancet (free) AND Testosterone can enhance libido in postmenopausal women, new research says – CNN (free)

Related Commentary on Twitter

Just online: Safety and efficacy of #testosterone for #women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial data https://t.co/xKp6RCKd0g #postmenopausal #menopause #sexual desire pic.twitter.com/wqfMGHL37T

— The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (@TheLancetEndo) July 26, 2019

Meta‐analysis of the effect of extending the interval after long‐course chemoradiotherapy before surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer – British Journal of Surgery (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Source: EvidenceAlerts

Diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure in critically ill adults: systematic review and meta-analysis – The BMJ (free)

Commentary: Review examines methods for diagnosis of elevated ICP in critically ill – MedicalXpress (free)

Related Guidelines: Management of severe traumatic brain injury (first 24 hours) – Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine (free) AND Consensus statement from the International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury – Acta Neurochirurgica (free)

Related Reviews: Emergency Neurological Life Support: Intracranial Hypertension and Herniation – Neurocritical Care (free) AND Acute Management of Traumatic Brain Injury – Surgical Clinics of North America (free)

Related Commentary on Twitter

A question we often ask in the ED/ICU: Does this patient have increased ICP?

Our @bmj_latest study found that traditional physical exam and CT signs had poor accuracy for elevated ICP. If suspected, consider treatment & transfer for invasive monitoring.https://t.co/1Eb8PtYLFJ pic.twitter.com/bQFIgWnuur

— Shannon Fernando (@shanfernands) July 25, 2019

Long term risk of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment for first unprovoked venous thromboembolism event: systematic review and meta-analysis – The BMJ (free)

Commentary: Long-Term Risk for Recurrent VTE Significant After Stopping Anticoagulation – NEJM Journal Watch (free)

“the risk of recurrent VTE was 10% in the first year after treatment, 16% at two years, 25% at five years, and 36% at 10 years, with 4% of recurrent VTE events resulting in death.”

Related Commentary on Twitter

Excited to share my first study published today in @bmj_latest on recurrence risk after stopping #anticoagulation for unprovoked #VTE. Big thanks to the MARVELOUS collaborators, @CIHR_IRSC for funding/support & @RodgerMarc for continued mentorship https://t.co/jnT86dRzHK#phdlife pic.twitter.com/SSVTYwkXth

— Faizan Khan (@FaizanK91) July 25, 2019

Impact of furosemide on mortality and the requirement for renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials – Annals of Intensive Care (free)

Interventions for preventing obesity in children – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Do diet and physical activity strategies help prevent obesity in children (aged 0 to 18 years)? – Cochrane Library (free)

Palliative care for people with dementia living at home: A systematic review of interventions – Palliative Medicine (free)

Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children – Cochrane Library (free)

Summary: Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children – Cochrane Library (free)

Related Meta-Analysis: Choice of Intravenous Crystalloid Fluid and Mortality in Critically Ill Adult Patients – Southern Medical Journal (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Related Randomized Trials: Balanced Crystalloids vs Saline in Hospitalized Patients (free studies and commentary)

“The three ongoing studies once published and assessed may alter the conclusions of the review.”

Prevalence, severity, and nature of preventable patient harm across medical care settings: systematic review and meta-analysis – The BMJ (free)

Editorial: Preventable harm: getting the measure right (free)

Commentaries: One in 20 patients exposed to preventable harm in medical care – OnMedica (free) AND Half of All Patient Harms ‘Preventable’ – Medscape (free registration required)

Related Commentary on Twitter

Around one in 20 patients are affected by preventable harm in medical care, of which around 12% causes permanent disability or death, finds a study published by @bmj_latest today – take a look at the research https://t.co/oHxTBlh4s1 and linked editorial https://t.co/MBW6moT3pE pic.twitter.com/gxoL4V435w

— BMJ (@bmj_company) July 18, 2019

Menstrual cup use, leakage, acceptability, safety, and availability: a systematic review and meta-analysis – The Lancet Public Health (free)

Commentaries: Inserting informed choice into global menstrual product use and provision – The Lancet Public Health (free) AND Menstrual Cups: Study Finds They’re Safe To Use — And People Like Them – NPR (free) AND Menstrual cups ‘as reliable as tampons’ – BBC (free) AND A Better Way to Manage Your Period? Try the Menstrual Cup, Scientists Say – The New York Times (free)

Antiplatelet Therapy After Noncardioembolic Stroke: An Individual Patient Data Network Meta-Analysis – Stroke (free)

Source: EvidenceAlerts

“Results favor clopidogrel and aspirin/dipyridamole combination for long-term secondary prevention after noncardioembolic stroke or transient ischemic attack”.

Impact of sugar‐sweetened beverage taxes on purchases and dietary intake: Systematic review and meta‐analysis – Obesity Reviews (free)

Related: Cochrane Review: Environmental Interventions to Reduce the Consumption of Sugar‐sweetened Beverages and Their Effects on Health (free study and commentaries) AND Soda Tax Linked to a 50 Percent Reduction in Sugary Drink Consumption (link to abstract and several resources on the subject) AND AAP/AHA Policy Statement: Public Policies to Reduce Sugary Drink Consumption in Children and Adolescents (free statement and commentaries) AND Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Associated with Reduced Consumption (link to abstract and commentaries)

Higher doses of antidepressants “not optimal”, according to new review – The Mental Elf (free)

Original Article: Meta-analysis: Optimal Dose of Antidepressants in Major Depression (free study and commentaries)

Surgical interventions for women with stress urinary incontinence: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials – The BMJ (free)

Related Commentary on Twitter

#BMJInfographic #VisualAbstract summarises new research on the effectiveness and harms of surgical interventions for stress urinary incontinence https://t.co/PWeHfzYjgA pic.twitter.com/x60OnfB9XY

— The BMJ (@bmj_latest) June 5, 2019