Pediatrics (all articles)

The increasing global burden of respiratory diseases over recent decades raises questions about the lifelong impact of environmental factors during industrialisation and urbanisation. There is a clear need for action in primary and secondary prevention. https://t.co/MFzkETBr2X pic.twitter.com/jp9LYSiSAR

— ERS publications (@ERSpublications) June 20, 2023

Cohort Study | Association of preterm birth with increased asthma and COPD risk in adulthood

26 Jun, 2023 | 00:45h | UTC

Summary: This population-based register study investigated the correlation between gestational ages (GA) and obstructive airway diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. The study used registry data from 706,717 individuals born between 1987-1998 in Finland (4.8% preterm), and 1,669,528 individuals born from 1967-1999 in Norway (5.0% preterm). The study observed care episodes of asthma and COPD using nationwide healthcare registers.

The results showed an increased risk of obstructive airway disease in adulthood for those born at <28 or 28–31 completed weeks of gestation. Even after adjustments, the risk remained 2-3 times greater compared to those who were born full term (at 39-41 completed weeks). Additionally, the risk for COPD at age 30–50 was significantly higher for those born at <28 weeks, with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.44. The study also identified that bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infancy increased the odds of obstructive airway disease for those born at <28 and 28–31 weeks.

These findings suggest that preterm birth is a notable risk factor for asthma and COPD in adulthood, and this risk was observed across all gestational ages before full term. The study recommends diagnostic vigilance for adults born very preterm presenting with respiratory symptoms. However, the researchers also noted the potential limitations of using registry data, which might include residual confounding from unmeasured confounders and lack of data on certain prenatal or early life factors.

Article: Preterm birth and asthma and COPD in adulthood: a nationwide register study from two Nordic countries – European Respiratory Journal (free for a limited period)

Commentary on Twitter

In this population-based study of 2.4 million people from Finland and Norway, adults born preterm were at higher risk for asthma and COPD at ages 18–50 years. The risks were observed across all gestational ages before full term in a dose-response manner. https://t.co/bGsAOrwAxV pic.twitter.com/WmCoc6cPu2

— ERS publications (@ERSpublications) June 22, 2023

M-A | Lifetime burden of psychological symptoms, disorders, and suicide due to cancer in childhood, adolescent, and young adult years

26 Jun, 2023 | 00:39h | UTC

Lifetime Burden of Psychological Symptoms, Disorders, and Suicide Due to Cancer in Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

Editorial: Poor Mental Health Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer—Risk Factors and a Call for Intervention – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)

Consensus Statement | Anatomy, imaging, and nomenclature of congenital aortic root malformations

21 Jun, 2023 | 13:25h | UTC

Expert Consensus Statement: Anatomy, Imaging, and Nomenclature of Congenital Aortic Root Malformations – Cardiology in the Young

RCT | Thrice-weekly oral iron shows non-inferiority and fewer gastrointestinal effects in treating iron-deficiency anemia

20 Jun, 2023 | 12:48h | UTC

A randomized controlled trial of thrice-weekly versus thrice-daily oral ferrous fumarate treatment in adult patients with iron-deficiency anemia – Ann Hematol (if the link is paywalled, try this one)

Consensus Paper | Management of febrile neutropenia in pediatric hematology and oncology patients

20 Jun, 2023 | 12:38h | UTC

Consensus document on the management of febrile neutropenia in paediatric haematology and oncology patients of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP) and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (SEHOP) – Anales de Pediatría

Association of Extubation Failure Rates With High-Flow Nasal Cannula, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, and Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure vs Conventional Oxygen Therapy in Infants and Young Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis – JAMA Pediatrics

Commentary on Twitter

Study suggests that CPAP, HFNC, and BiPAP were more effective than conventional oxygen therapy for providing postextubation noninvasive respiratory support in a pediatric population. https://t.co/d56eNkP8QP @abusultaneh @RobyKhemaniMD @PALISInet

— JAMA Pediatrics (@JAMAPediatrics) June 5, 2023

Cohort Study| Childhood development delayed by 4.39 months due to COVID-19 pandemic

Single Arm Trial | Low-carbohydrate diet improves glycemic control in type 1 diabetes

WHO Guideline | Policies to protect children from the harmful impact of food marketing

Health advisory on social media use in adolescence

Podcast | Overuse injuries in pediatrics

Podcast | EKG pearls in children

Case Series | Ambroxol therapy improves hematologic parameters in Gaucher disease patients

Global Burden of Disease Study | Understanding global trends of infectious diseases in younger population, 1990-2019

AAP Clinical Report | Assessment and management of inguinal hernias in children

AAP Policy Statement | Child pedestrian safety

AAP Clinical Report | Intimate partner violence: role of the pediatrician

Consensus Paper | Methotrexate for inflammatory skin disease in pediatric patients

RCT | Lower rates of treatment failure with standard-course vs. short-course therapy in pediatric UTIs

Consensus Statement | Evaluation and management of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2

M-A | Comparing the efficacy of different types of exercise for the treatment and prevention of depression in youths

The exposome in respiratory diseases: multiple preventable risk factors from early life to adulthood

Cohort Study | Association of preterm birth with increased asthma and COPD risk in adulthood

M-A | Lifetime burden of psychological symptoms, disorders, and suicide due to cancer in childhood, adolescent, and young adult years

Consensus Statement | Anatomy, imaging, and nomenclature of congenital aortic root malformations

RCT | Thrice-weekly oral iron shows non-inferiority and fewer gastrointestinal effects in treating iron-deficiency anemia

Consensus Paper | Management of febrile neutropenia in pediatric hematology and oncology patients

Guideline | Screening and diagnosis of significant hemoglobinopathies

Evidence Analysis | ADHD: evidence to help you decide how best to manage the condition

Consensus Paper | Transition of patients with esophageal atresia–tracheoesophageal fistula

M-A | HFNC, CPAP, BiPAP prove more effective than conventional oxygen therapy in minimizing pediatric extubation failure

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