Nutrition (all articles)
M-A | Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with a Mediterranean diet
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:20h | UTCNews Release: Mediterranean diet may cut women’s CVD and death risk by nearly 25% – BMJ Newsroom
Commentary:
Expert reaction to study looking at Mediterranean diet and women’s cardiovascular disease and death risk – Science Media Centre (Recommended reading – “Observational studies of nutrition have been notoriously misleading… Nutritional measures are strongly patterned by social factors and behavioral dispositions, leading to very substantial confounding”)
Cross-sectional study | Impact of different alcoholic beverages on serum urate levels
20 Mar, 2023 | 13:16h | UTC
Commentary on Twitter
Beer and wine was associated with high and moderate increases in serum urate levels, respectively; sake was associated with a modest increase in serum urate levels, in patients getting routine checkups in Japan. https://t.co/J8OqKJI9fQ
— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) March 17, 2023
Associations of relative fat mass, a new index of adiposity, with type-2 diabetes in the general population
17 Mar, 2023 | 13:04h | UTC
M-A | Health effects of the time-restricted eating in adults with obesity
17 Mar, 2023 | 12:54h | UTCRelated:
Time-Restricted Eating: Integrating The What With The When – Advances in Nutrition
Consensus Paper | Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal disorders
16 Mar, 2023 | 13:23h | UTC
Cohort Study | Higher ultra-processed food consumption linked to increased cancer incidence and mortality
15 Mar, 2023 | 14:48h | UTCNews Release: Ultra-processed foods may be linked to increased risk of cancer – Imperial College London
Related:
International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots
14 Mar, 2023 | 13:39h | UTC
WHO urges countries to implement comprehensive sodium reduction policies to combat cardiovascular disease
10 Mar, 2023 | 14:43h | UTCSummary:
A new report from the World Health Organization (WHO) has shown that the world needs to catch up to achieve its global target of reducing sodium intake by 30% by 2025. The report highlights that only 5% of WHO member states have mandatory and comprehensive sodium reduction policies.
Sodium, found in table salt and other condiments, increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and premature death when eaten in excess. Implementing highly cost-effective sodium reduction policies could save an estimated seven million lives globally by 2030.
WHO suggests a number of policies, such as reducing the amount of sodium in food products, introducing front-of-pack labeling, launching mass media campaigns, and enforcing public policies related to food service and sales.
The report urges member states to implement sodium intake reduction policies without delay, and calls on food manufacturers to set ambitious targets for sodium reduction in their products.
Article: WHO global report on sodium intake reduction – World Health Organization
News Release: Massive efforts needed to reduce salt intake and protect lives – World Health Organization
Related:
Adding salt to foods and hazard of premature mortality – European Heart Journal
New WHO benchmarks help countries reduce salt intake and save lives – World Health Organization
WHO global sodium benchmarks for different food categories – World Health Organization
Commentary on Twitter
Eating too much salt is one of the top risk factors for heart disease, stroke, and death.
WHO’s first global report on sodium intake reduction shows only 5% of WHO Member States are protected by mandatory and comprehensive sodium reduction policies?https://t.co/hiocdiXUiy pic.twitter.com/NXSv0oe7fn
— World Health Organization (WHO) (@WHO) March 9, 2023
Review | Nutritional management of the infant with chronic kidney disease stages 2–5 and on dialysis
9 Mar, 2023 | 14:18h | UTC
RCT | Study finds both one-food and six-food elimination diets are effective initial options for eosinophilic esophagitis
7 Mar, 2023 | 13:17h | UTCSummary:
The article describes a multicenter randomized trial that compared the effectiveness of a one-food elimination diet (1FED – eliminating animal milk) versus a six-food elimination diet (6FED – eliminating animal milk, wheat, egg, soy, fish and shellfish, and peanut and tree nuts) for treating eosinophilic esophagitis in adults.
The study found that both diets were equally effective at achieving histological remission, although the 6FED resulted in a higher proportion of patients achieving complete remission. Patients who did not achieve histological remission with the 1FED could proceed to the 6FED, and 43% had histological remission. For those without response to the 6FED, topical fluticasone propionate induced remission in 82%.
Overall, the study suggests that eliminating animal milk alone is an acceptable initial dietary therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis.
Article: One-food versus six-food elimination diet therapy for the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis: a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial – The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
News Release: Forgoing one food treats eosinophilic esophagitis as well as excluding six – National Institutes of Health
Related: M-A | Efficacy of elimination diets in eosinophilic esophagitis
Commentary on Twitter
New research – Kliewer et al – One-food versus six-food elimination diet therapy for the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis: a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial https://t.co/Tpm0EPPfx0#EoE #GItwitter #RareDiseaseDay #CEGIR pic.twitter.com/iUcqIt9Pg5
— The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology (@LancetGastroHep) February 28, 2023
M-A | Long-term consumption of 10 food groups and cardiovascular mortality
7 Mar, 2023 | 12:58h | UTCSummary:
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 prospective cohort studies evaluated the association between the consumption of 10 food groups and cardiovascular mortality.
The researchers found that a long-term high intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and nuts was associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality, while a high intake of red/processed meat was associated with increased risk. On the other hand, the consumption of dairy products and legumes did not show a significant association with cardiovascular risk.
The researchers acknowledge the limitations of observational studies and the need for further research on the long-term effects of specific food groups on cardiovascular mortality.
M-A | Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight gain in children and adults
6 Mar, 2023 | 14:04h | UTCNews Release: More evidence that sugary drinks cause weight gain – University of Toronto
RCT | Impact of supplementation with milk–cereal mix during 6–12 months of age on growth at 12 months in Delhi, India
2 Mar, 2023 | 12:50h | UTCCommentary: High-protein supplementation improves linear growth in infants – 2 Minute Medicine
Artificial sweetener erythritol possibly implicated in increased cardiovascular risk
1 Mar, 2023 | 14:08h | UTCSummary: A recent study published in Nature Medicine found that erythritol, a popular artificial sweetener, is possibly implicated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as heart attack and stroke. Analyzing data from over 4,000 people in the US and Europe, the researchers found that those with higher blood erythritol levels were at a greater risk of MACE. The researchers also examined the effects of adding erythritol to whole blood or isolated platelets and found that it made platelets easier to activate and form clots. In addition, a pilot intervention study with healthy volunteers showed that erythritol ingestion led to a marked and sustained increase in plasma erythritol levels above those associated with heightened platelet reactivity and thrombosis potential. The authors note that further studies are needed to confirm their findings and assess the long-term safety of erythritol.
Article: The artificial sweetener erythritol and cardiovascular event risk – Nature Medicine (free for a limited period)
News Release: Cleveland Clinic study finds common artificial sweetener linked to higher rates of heart attack and stroke
Commentaries:
Zero-calorie sweetener linked to heart attack and stroke, study finds – CNN
Could a Common Sweetener Raise Heart Risks? – HealthDay
Commentary on Twitter
A study in @NatureMedicine suggests that a commonly used artificial sweetener—erythritol—may be linked to cardiovascular disease events. https://t.co/QrbtvCFDJ4 pic.twitter.com/WpM9cLnXh7
— Nature Portfolio (@NaturePortfolio) February 27, 2023
M-A | Combination of multiple low-risk lifestyle behaviors and incident type 2 diabetes
1 Mar, 2023 | 14:06h | UTCSummary: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the association between multiple low-risk lifestyle behaviors (LRLBs) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The study examined 30 cohort comparisons involving 1,693,753 participants and 75,669 cases of type 2 diabetes. The LRLBs evaluated in the study were maintaining a healthy body weight, healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking abstinence or cessation, and light alcohol consumption. Results showed that the highest adherence to these LRLBs was associated with an 80% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared to the lowest adherence group. Thus, targeting these LRLBs could be an effective strategy for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. However, the authors recommend promoting only four LRLBs, excluding alcohol intake, due to its association with increased harm. The potential benefits of small alcohol intake remain a controversial issue since most studies on the subject are observational and subject to residual confounding.
Article: Combination of Multiple Low-Risk Lifestyle Behaviors and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies – Diabetes Care (free for a limited period)
Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)
Our research shows that adherence to multiple low-risk lifestyle behaviours including healthy diet and exercise can significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes https://t.co/mWEEw9xYtQ #healthylifestyle #lowriskhabits #healthresearch
— Tauseef Khan (@tauseefkhan) February 22, 2023
RCT | Caffeine did not reduce time to first bowel movement after laparoscopic colectomy
1 Mar, 2023 | 13:41h | UTCCaffeine for intestinal transit after laparoscopic colectomy: randomized clinical trial (CaCo trial) – British Journal of Surgery (link to abstract – $ for full-text)
Commentary on Twitter
In BJS' December issue: Caffeine for intestinal transit after laparoscopic colectomy: randomized clinical trial (CaCo trial) https://t.co/6z1cboAxi0 @bplwijn @des_winter @ksoreide @MalinASund @evanscolorectal @nfmkok @paulo_sutt @robhinchliffe1 @young_bjs pic.twitter.com/yGtXiIwgq0
— BJS (@BJSurgery) December 28, 2022
Review | Embracing complexity: making sense of diet, nutrition, obesity and type 2 diabetes
28 Feb, 2023 | 13:42h | UTCEmbracing complexity: making sense of diet, nutrition, obesity and type 2 diabetes – Diabetologia
Commentary on Twitter
Comprehensive Review @DiabetologiaJnl by my very talented friend Prof Nita Forouhi
Embracing complexity: making sense of diet, nutrition, obesity & T2 diabeteshttps://t.co/PxGOZL0XkB pic.twitter.com/x2GaDPClfi
— Prof Kamlesh Khunti (@kamleshkhunti) February 24, 2023
Under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ license
Review | (Mal)nutrition in critical illness and beyond
28 Feb, 2023 | 13:28h | UTC(Mal)nutrition in critical illness and beyond: a narrative review – Anaesthesia
[Not published yet] M-A | Too little sodium can be harmful to heart failure patients
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:59h | UTCSummary: New research presented at the American College of Cardiology’s annual scientific session suggests that heart failure patients restricting their dietary sodium intake to levels below the standard recommended maximum of 2.3 grams per day do not have additional benefits and may be at increased risk of death. The study analyzed nine randomized controlled trials that assessed different levels of sodium restriction and found that patients following a diet with a sodium intake target below 2.5 grams per day were 80% more likely to die than those following a diet with a target of 2.5 grams per day or more. The researchers recommend establishing a safe level of sodium consumption instead of overly restricting sodium.
News release: Too Little Sodium Can be Harmful to Heart Failure Patients – American College of Cardiology
M-A | Efficacy of elimination diets in eosinophilic esophagitis
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:47h | UTCSummary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of various dietary treatment regimens for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). After analyzing 34 studies with 1762 patients, it was concluded that dietary therapy is a viable and efficacious option for individuals with EoE of all ages, with an overall histological remission rate of 53.8% and a clinical response rate of 80.8%. The study also found that highly restrictive dietary regimes, such as a six-food elimination diet, may not be superior to less restrictive dietary regimens, such as a four-food elimination diet or one-food elimination diet, in achieving histological remission, supporting less restrictive dietary regimens as a treatment option. The study has several limitations, such as the observational nature of most studies included.
Commentary: Elimination diets effective for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis – ACP Gastroenterology
Commentary on Twitter
Efficacy of dietary therapy in eosinophilic esophagitis for (1) histologic remission & (2) clinical response
6⃣-food elimination diet: 61%, 93%
4⃣-food elimination diet: 49%, 74%
1⃣-food elimination diet: 51%, 87%
Targeted elimination diet: 46%, 69%#EoEhttps://t.co/VKXgCQO9O6 pic.twitter.com/KfpSburuwN— John Damianos, M.D. (@john_damianosMD) February 1, 2023
Article under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license
SR | Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:45h | UTCSummary: The article discusses the effectiveness of myo-inositol, a naturally occurring sugar, as a dietary supplement for preventing gestational diabetes in pregnant women. The review included seven randomized controlled trials, with a total of 1319 women who were 10 to 24 weeks pregnant at the start of the studies. The results showed that myo-inositol may reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and preterm birth, but there was limited data on other outcomes, such as perinatal mortality and serious infant morbidity. The certainty of the evidence was low to very low due to small sample sizes, inconsistency in doses and timing of administration, and lack of data from diverse populations. The authors suggest that further well-designed studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of myo-inositol in preventing gestational diabetes and improving other health outcomes for mothers and their babies.
Cohort Study | Heavy coffee intake is associated with kidney disfunction in genetically predisposed individuals
24 Feb, 2023 | 13:42h | UTCSummary: The study investigated whether a person’s genetic variation in the enzyme that metabolizes caffeine, called CYP1A2, modifies the association between coffee intake and kidney dysfunction. The study was conducted on 1180 participants with stage 1 hypertension. Data were collected from April 1, 1990, to June 30, 2006, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years. The study found that consuming more than three cups of coffee per day was associated with increased risks of albuminuria, hyperfiltration, and hypertension only among slow metabolizers of caffeine. The findings suggest that caffeine may play a role in the development of kidney disease in genetically susceptible individuals, but further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Article: CYP1A2 Genetic Variation, Coffee Intake, and Kidney Dysfunction – JAMA Network Open
Commentaries:
Drinking 3 or more cups of coffee daily may increase kidney dysfunction risk – Medical News Today
M-A | Disordered eating affects 1 in 5 children and adolescents
23 Feb, 2023 | 13:33h | UTCSummary: The text reports the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis that included 32 studies on the global proportion of disordered eating in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years, assessed with the SCOFF questionnaire, a widely used screening measure for eating disorders. The review found that approximately 22% of children and adolescents showed disordered eating, which was higher among girls, older adolescents, and those with higher body mass index. The high figures are concerning from a public health perspective and highlight the need for prevention strategies to address disordered eating. The study has limitations, including the cross-sectional nature of most of the included studies and the use of self-report questionnaires to assess disordered eating, which may be subject to bias.
Article: Global Proportion of Disordered Eating in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics (free for a limited period)
Commentary: What is disordered eating? And why do 20% of the world’s kids show signs of it? Experts explain – CNN
Health and nutrition claims for infant formula: international cross sectional survey
22 Feb, 2023 | 12:31h | UTCHealth and nutrition claims for infant formula: international cross sectional survey – The BMJ
Editorial: Poorly substantiated health claims on infant formula – The BMJ
News Release: Most health claims on infant formula products seem to have little evidence – BMJ Newsroom
Commentary: Little evidence to support health claims made on formula milk – BBC
Commentary from one of the authors on Twitter (thread – click for more)
I am super excited to be a co-author on this new @BMJ paper examining formula claims across 15 countries!
Tweetorial time! ?
Spoiler alert ? most formula claims are not support by scientific evidence and those that are…the evidence is not robust.https://t.co/zDSkRWbKO1 pic.twitter.com/rgPgWiso8H
— Merilee Brockway PhD RN IBCLC (@mbrockwa) February 16, 2023
M-A | Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight gain in children and adults
22 Feb, 2023 | 12:26h | UTC