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Nutrition (all articles)

RCT | Intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating vs. calorie restriction and standard care in adults at risk of type 2 DM

24 Apr, 2023 | 13:07h | UTC

Intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating versus calorie restriction and standard care in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial – Nature Medicine (if the link is paywalled, try this one)

News Release: Fasting diet reduces risk markers of type 2 diabetes – University of Adelaide

Related:

RCT | Time-restricted eating not more effective than daily calorie restriction for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Health effects of the time-restricted eating in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis – Frontiers in Nutrition

Time-restricted eating and exercise training improve HbA1c and body composition in women with overweight/obesity: A randomized controlled trial – Cell Metabolism

Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Internal Medicine

Effects of Intermittent Fasting in Human Compared to a Non-intervention Diet and Caloric Restriction: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials – Frontiers in Nutrition

Time-Restricted Eating: Integrating The What With The When – Advances in Nutrition

Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss- New England Journal of Medicine

Intermittent Fasting and Obesity-Related Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials – JAMA Network Open

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Study estimates poor diet causes 70% of diabetes cases globally

21 Apr, 2023 | 13:06h | UTC

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries – Nature Medicine

News Release: Study links poor diet to 14 million cases of type 2 diabetes globally – Tufts University

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Cluster RCT | Salt substitute outperforms salt restriction in lowering blood pressure in older patients

18 Apr, 2023 | 13:30h | UTC

Salt substitution and salt-supply restriction for lowering blood pressure in elderly care facilities: a cluster-randomized trial – Nature Medicine (if the link is paywalled, try this one)

Commentary: Exploring effectiveness of salt substitutes in elderly care facilities – Medical Xpress

Related:

Salt substitutes vs. regular salt: a quick look.

Effects of salt substitutes on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis – Heart (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Cluster RCT: A household salt substitution intervention is a cost-effective intervention for preventing stroke and improving quality of life.

#ESCCongress – Cluster RCT: Among patients at increased risk for stroke, salt substitution (75% sodium chloride and 25% potassium chloride by mass) reduced the rates of stroke, major cardiovascular events, and death from any cause.

RCT: Reduced-sodium added-potassium salt substitute reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients

Potassium Enriched Salt Substitution Could Prevent a Large Number of Cardiovascular Deaths

Cluster Randomized Trial: Effect of Salt Substitution on Community-wide Blood Pressure and Hypertension Incidence

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Exercise and protein intervention may improve resilience and reduce frailty in seniors

17 Apr, 2023 | 13:04h | UTC

Building resilience and reversing frailty: a randomised controlled trial of a primary care intervention for older adults – Age and Ageing

 

M-A | Timing of allergenic food introduction and risk of immunoglobulin E–mediated food allergy

11 Apr, 2023 | 14:32h | UTC

Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction and Risk of Immunoglobulin E–Mediated Food Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Pediatrics

News Release: Earlier introduction of allergenic foods in children may prevent food allergies – Imperial College London

Commentary: Allergenic Food Introduction Led to Fewer Allergies, Higher Withdrawal Rate from Intervention – HCP Live

Related:

Study | Public health policies should recommend introducing peanut products to infants at 4-6 months of age to prevent peanut allergy

AAP Updated Recommendations for Dietary Interventions to Prevent Atopic Disease

Timing of introduction of allergenic solids for infants at high risk – Canadian Paediatric Society

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Umbrella review unveils benefits of cutting free sugars to 6 teaspoons/day

10 Apr, 2023 | 14:00h | UTC

Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review – The BMJ

News Release: Limit added sugar to six teaspoons a day to improve health, urge experts – BMJ Newsroom

 

Sodium intake linked to both coronary & carotid atherosclerosis in the Swedish population

10 Apr, 2023 | 13:30h | UTC

The association between sodium intake and coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in the general Swedish population – European Heart Journal Open

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Review | Refeeding Syndrome: diagnostic challenges and the potential of clinical decision support systems

10 Apr, 2023 | 13:28h | UTC

Refeeding Syndrome: Diagnostic challenges and the potential of clinical decision support systems – Deutsches Ärzteblatt International – Deutsches Ärzteblatt International

 

SR | Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years

6 Apr, 2023 | 13:06h | UTC

Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Summary: Is zinc supplementation effective for preventing death and disease, and for promoting growth, in children aged 6 months to 12 years and does it cause unwanted effects? – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

 

Analysis | Global coverage and design of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes

5 Apr, 2023 | 12:43h | UTC

Global Coverage and Design of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes – JAMA Network Open

Related:

The introduction of sugary drinks tax in the UK was followed by a drop in obesity cases among children

WHO manual on sugar-sweetened beverage taxation policies to promote healthy diets.

M-A: Outcomes following taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Public Policies to Reduce Sugary Drink Consumption in Children and Adolescents – Pediatrics

Cutting back on sugar-sweetened beverages: What works? – Cochrane Library

Association of a Beverage Tax on Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages With Changes in Beverage Prices and Sales at Chain Retailers in a Large Urban Setting – JAMA

Association between tax on sugar sweetened beverages and soft drink consumption in adults in Mexico: open cohort longitudinal analysis of Health Workers Cohort Study – The BMJ

Potential impact on prevalence of obesity in the UK of a 20% price increase in high sugar snacks: modelling study – The BMJ

Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: a before and after study – The Lancet Planetary Health

Association of a Sweetened Beverage Tax With Soda Consumption in High School Students – JAMA Pediatrics

Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes: Lessons to date and the future of taxation – PLOS Medicine

Banning the promotion of soft drinks could be more effective than a sugar tax – The Conversation

Sugar tax: why health experts want it but politicians and industry are resisting – The Guardian

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Cross-sectional study | Association between sodium intake and coronary and carotid atherosclerosis

4 Apr, 2023 | 13:42h | UTC

The association between sodium intake and coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in the general Swedish population – European Heart Journal Open

Editorial: Dietary salt intake and atherosclerosis: an area not fully explored – European Heart Journal Open

News Release: High salt diet associated with hardened arteries even in people with normal blood pressure – European Society of Cardiology

 

M-A | Mediterranean & low-fat diets may reduce mortality and non-fatal MI in patients with high cardiovascular risk

3 Apr, 2023 | 13:59h | UTC

Summary: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to determine the relative efficacy of different diets for preventing mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The study identified 40 randomized trials with 35,548 participants across seven dietary programs.

Moderate certainty evidence showed that Mediterranean and low-fat diets, with or without physical activity or other interventions, reduced all-cause mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction in patients with increased cardiovascular risk. Mediterranean diet programs were also likely to reduce stroke risk.

Other dietary programs generally were not superior to minimal intervention. When compared with one another, no convincing evidence was found that the Mediterranean diet was superior to the low-fat diets in preventing mortality or non-fatal myocardial infarction.

Article: Comparison of seven popular structured dietary programmes and risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased cardiovascular risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis – The BMJ

News Release: Benefits of Mediterranean and low fat diet programmes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease – BMJ Newsroom

Commentary: Mediterranean, Low-Fat Diets Both Good for Health: Network Meta-analysis – TCTMD

 

Cohort Study | Associations between fetal or infancy pet exposure and food allergies

3 Apr, 2023 | 13:26h | UTC

Associations between fetal or infancy pet exposure and food allergies: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study – PLOS One

 

Assessing heart failure risk: waist-to-height ratio outperforms BMI in HFrEF patients

31 Mar, 2023 | 13:49h | UTC

Anthropometric measures and adverse outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: revisiting the obesity paradox – European Heart Journal

Editorial: Revisiting the obesity paradox in heart failure: what is the best anthropometric index to gauge obesity? – European Heart Journal

News Release: Study shows ‘obesity paradox’ does not exist: waist-to-height ratio is a better indicator of outcomes in patients with heart failure than BMI – European Society of Cardiology

Commentary: Study Debunks Obesity Paradox in HF, Encourages BMI Alternatives – TCTMD

 

Consensus Statement | Promotion of healthy nutrition in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention

28 Mar, 2023 | 14:50h | UTC

Promotion of healthy nutrition in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention: a clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology – European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Coffee consumption vs. caffeine avoidance: cardiac ectopy, daily steps, and sleep impacts

27 Mar, 2023 | 13:32h | UTC

Summary: A prospective, randomized, case-crossover trial studied the acute health effects of caffeinated coffee consumption in 100 ambulatory adults.

Participants were monitored using continuous electrocardiogram devices, wrist-mounted accelerometers, and ongoing glucose monitoring systems for 14 days. They received daily text messages instructing them to either consume caffeinated coffee or abstain from caffeine.

The primary outcome was the mean number of daily premature atrial contractions. Results indicated that caffeinated coffee consumption didn’t lead to significantly more daily premature atrial contractions compared to caffeine avoidance. However, it was associated with a higher number of daily premature ventricular contractions, increased daily steps, and reduced nightly sleep.

Article: Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Health among Ambulatory Adults – New England Journal of Medicine (link to abstract – $ for full-text)

Commentaries:

What to know about new research on coffee and heart risks – Associated Press

CRAVE Trials Offers Most Comprehensive Overview Yet of Impact of Coffee, Caffeine Intake – HCP Live

Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Health – American College of Cardiology

 

Dissecting coffee’s impact: high consumption lowers blood pressure, raises LDL-cholesterol

27 Mar, 2023 | 13:25h | UTC

Coffee consumption and associations with blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol and echocardiographic measures in the general population – Scientific Reports

 

Indian consensus statements on irritable bowel syndrome in adults

27 Mar, 2023 | 13:18h | UTC

Indian consensus statements on irritable bowel syndrome in adults: A guideline by the Indian eurogastroenterology and Motility Association and jointly supported by the Indian Society of Gastroenterology

Related:

Diet and irritable bowel syndrome: an update from a UK consensus meeting – BMC Medicine

M-A | Efficacy of a restrictive diet in irritable bowel syndrome.

Diet or medication in primary care patients with IBS: the DOMINO study – a randomised trial supported by the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE Trials Programme) and the Rome Foundation Research Institute – Gut

AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Role of Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Expert Review – Gastroenterology

RCT: Efficacy and acceptability of dietary therapies in non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial of traditional dietary advice, the low FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet.

10 mistakes in dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome and how to avoid them.

Supplement: Irritable bowel syndrome and related conditions.

RCT: FODMAPs, but not gluten, elicit modest symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.

RCT: Among patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, a low FODMAP diet achieved earlier symptomatic improvements in stool frequency and excessive wind.

British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome

Guidelines for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of irritable bowel syndrome

M-A: Efficacy of a low-FODMAP diet in adult irritable bowel syndrome

 

M-A | The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices

27 Mar, 2023 | 13:04h | UTC

The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials – American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

 

Review | Navigating the new eating disorder landscape: atypical anorexia and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

24 Mar, 2023 | 13:03h | UTC

Pitfalls and Risks of “New Eating Disorders”: Let the Expert Speak! – Nutrients

Commentary: A review on two novel eating disorders – News Medical

 

M-A | Effects of dairy intake on markers of cardio-metabolic health in adults

23 Mar, 2023 | 12:35h | UTC

Effects of dairy intake on markers of cardio-metabolic health in adults – a systematic review with network meta-analysis – Advances in Nutrition

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Low-calorie, low-protein feeding improves recovery time in ventilated adults with shock

22 Mar, 2023 | 13:42h | UTC

Summary: The NUTRIREA-3 study aimed to determine the optimal calorie and protein intakes during the acute phase of severe critical illness. The study was a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label, parallel-group trial conducted in 61 French intensive care units (ICUs) involving 3044 adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support for shock. During the first seven ICU days, participants were randomly assigned to early nutrition with either low or standard calorie and protein targets. The primary endpoints were time to readiness for ICU discharge and day 90 all-cause mortality, while key secondary outcomes included secondary infections, gastrointestinal events, and liver dysfunction.

The study found that early calorie and protein restriction did not decrease mortality. However, it was associated with faster recovery and fewer complications compared to standard calorie and protein targets. The low-calorie, low-protein group had a shorter median time to readiness for ICU discharge and lower proportions of patients with vomiting, diarrhea, bowel ischemia, and liver dysfunction. The proportions of patients with secondary infections did not differ significantly between the two groups.

In conclusion, the NUTRIREA-3 study provides evidence that patients may benefit from restricted calorie and protein intakes during the acute phase of critical illness, as it expedites recovery and reduces the risk of complications.

Article: Low versus standard calorie and protein feeding in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (NUTRIREA-3) – The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (free registration required)

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

RCT | Time-restricted eating not more effective than daily calorie restriction for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

21 Mar, 2023 | 13:38h | UTC

Summary: The TREATY-FLD randomized clinical trial investigated the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) versus daily calorie restriction (DCR) on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content and metabolic risk factors in patients with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Participants were randomly assigned to either TRE (eating only between 8:00 am and 4:00 pm) or DCR (habitual meal timing) and instructed to maintain a diet of 1500 to 1800 kcal/d for men and 1200 to 1500 kcal/d for women for 12 months.

The study found that the IHTG content was reduced by 6.9% in the TRE group and 7.9% in the DCR group after 12 months, a difference that was not statistically significant. Furthermore, TRE did not produce additional benefits for reducing body weight, liver stiffness, or metabolic risk factors compared with DCR.

The study supports that the main focus of a diet for managing NAFLD is caloric restriction, which can be achieved both with a TRE strategy or without a TRE strategy with similar results.

Article: Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The TREATY-FLD Randomized Clinical Trial – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Time-Restricted Eating Not More Beneficial Than Calorie Restriction For Patients With NAFLD, Obesity – HCP Live

 

Commentary on Twitter

 

Consensus on complementary feeding in pediatrics

21 Mar, 2023 | 13:30h | UTC

Consensus on complementary feeding from the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: COCO 2023 – Revista de Gastroenterología de México

 

Study | Public health policies should recommend introducing peanut products to infants at 4-6 months of age to prevent peanut allergy

20 Mar, 2023 | 13:33h | UTC

Defining the window of opportunity and target populations to prevent peanut allergy – Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Commentary: Expert reaction to research on giving peanut products to babies – Science Media Centre

Related study: Early Introduction of Allergenic Foods Can Prevent Food Allergies in High Risk Infants

Related Guidelines: 

AAP Updated Recommendations for Dietary Interventions to Prevent Atopic Disease

Timing of introduction of allergenic solids for infants at high risk – Canadian Paediatric Society

 

Commentary from the author on Twitter

 

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