General Interest

The path forward for ChatGPT in academia – Lumo’s Newsletter

Nonhuman “Authors” and Implications for the Integrity of Scientific Publication and Medical Knowledge – JAMA

Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use – Nature

ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove – Nature

Perspective | ChatGPT-assisted diagnosis: is the future suddenly here?

Artificial intelligence in academic writing: a paradigm-shifting technological advance

27 Feb, 2023 | 13:07h | UTC

Artificial intelligence in academic writing: a paradigm-shifting technological advance – Nature Reviews Urology (free for a limited period)

Commentary on Twitter

Artificial Intelligence will not replace academics, but academics who use AI will replace those who do not.
-We should discuss boundaries/ethical issues!@NatRevUrol @OncoAlert @Roei_Golan7 @AkhilMuthigi @ranjithramamd @VincentRK @VPrasadMDMPH #ChatGPT https://t.co/neAtxrRXI8 pic.twitter.com/gOpzbdg1mO

— Yüksel Ürün (@DrYukselUrun) February 26, 2023

Perspective | Generating scholarly content with ChatGPT: ethical challenges for medical publishing

ChatGPT: Will It Transform the World of Health Care? – UCSF Department of Medicine

ChatGPT and the future of medical writing (ChatGPT itself wrote this paper)

The path forward for ChatGPT in academia – Lumo’s Newsletter

Nonhuman “Authors” and Implications for the Integrity of Scientific Publication and Medical Knowledge – JAMA

Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use – Nature

ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove – Nature

Drinking 3 or more cups of coffee daily may increase kidney dysfunction risk – Medical News Today

Cohort Study | Heavy coffee intake is associated with kidney disfunction in genetically predisposed individuals

24 Feb, 2023 | 13:42h | UTC

Summary: The study investigated whether a person’s genetic variation in the enzyme that metabolizes caffeine, called CYP1A2, modifies the association between coffee intake and kidney dysfunction. The study was conducted on 1180 participants with stage 1 hypertension. Data were collected from April 1, 1990, to June 30, 2006, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years. The study found that consuming more than three cups of coffee per day was associated with increased risks of albuminuria, hyperfiltration, and hypertension only among slow metabolizers of caffeine. The findings suggest that caffeine may play a role in the development of kidney disease in genetically susceptible individuals, but further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Article: CYP1A2 Genetic Variation, Coffee Intake, and Kidney Dysfunction – JAMA Network Open

Commentaries:

Coffee may raise risk of kidney disease and hypertension in about half of population – MedicalResearch.com

Analysis | High drug prices are not justified by industry’s spending on research and development

21 Feb, 2023 | 11:41h | UTC

High drug prices are not justified by industry’s spending on research and development – The BMJ

News Release: Drug prices not justified by industry’s research and development spending – BMJ Newsroom

Commentary: Pharmaceutical companies can develop more innovative and affordable medicines by refocusing their spending but government intervention is needed – London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Commentary from the author on Twitter (thread – click for more)

New @bmj_latest paper?

High drug prices do not seem justified by pharma industry’s R&D spending & new drugs' added benefits ??
How can companies develop more innovative & affordable medicines?

Read the thread ?https://t.co/YYznD4Tvwq @ojwouters @ElsTorreele @martinmckee

— Aris Angelis (@Aris_Angelis) February 16, 2023

M-A | Financial toxicity among patients with breast cancer worldwide

17 Feb, 2023 | 13:20h | UTC

Financial Toxicity Among Patients With Breast Cancer Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis – JAMA Network Open

Commentary: Breast Cancer Treatment Is Associated With Financial Toxicity Worldwide, Study Finds – AJMC

Financial Toxicity in Advanced and Metastatic Cancer: Overburdened and Underprepared – JCO Oncology Practice

The high price of anticancer drugs: origins, implications, barriers, solutions – Nature Reviews: Clinical Oncology

Unmet Need for Clinician Engagement Regarding Financial Toxicity After Diagnosis of Breast Cancer – Cancer

Financial toxicity: 1 in 3 cancer patients have to turn to friends or family to pay for care – STAT News

Not Just Nausea And Vomiting: Cancer Docs Now Worry About ‘Financial Toxicity’ – WBUR

Financial Toxicity and Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – National Institute of Cancer

Commentary on Twitter

Financial toxicity for patients with breast cancer (pooled): 78% in LMICs and 35% in HICs; much higher than other health conditions, including other cancers. Policies to address this huge burden are critical to improve financial and health outcomes. https://t.co/eaB7nCvurU

— JAMA Network Open (@JAMANetworkOpen) February 9, 2023

Hidden harms of indoor air pollution — five steps to expose them

16 Feb, 2023 | 15:13h | UTC

Hidden harms of indoor air pollution — five steps to expose them – Nature

Commentary on Twitter

Dirty outdoor air might grab the headlines, but learning how pollutants inside buildings form, accumulate and affect our health is equally crucial, argue Alastair Lewis, Deborah Jenkins and @CMO_England in a @Nature Comment article. https://t.co/C8MrWEwfE2

— Nature Portfolio (@NaturePortfolio) February 8, 2023

Cohort Study | Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk

15 Feb, 2023 | 16:13h | UTC

Summary: This study found that the associations between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease risk depend on the type and source of carbohydrates consumed, with free sugar intake being associated with higher risk of total cardiovascular disease and stroke. Fiber intake was associated with lower risk, and replacing refined grain starch and free sugars with wholegrain starch and non-free sugars may be protective for cardiovascular disease. Free sugar intake was also associated with higher triglycerides and lipoprotein subclasses. As with all observational studies, this study cannot establish causality, but rather suggests associations between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease risk, and the importance of considering the quality of carbohydrates consumed for cardiovascular health.*

Article: Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants – BMC Medicine

News Release: Free sugars associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease – BioMed Central

*Note: This summary was created through the collaboration of a medical editor and ChatGPT.

Opinion | Platform trials: the future of medical research?

15 Feb, 2023 | 16:07h | UTC

Platform trials: the future of medical research? – The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

Commentary on Twitter

"The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the amazing things that can come out of a truly pragmatic clinical trial."

NEW Spotlight—Platform trials: the future of medical research?

Read more here: https://t.co/VPxg7JmAov

— The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (@LancetRespirMed) February 10, 2023

Perspective | Paying research participants — a lot — may be a key to increasing diversity in studies

15 Feb, 2023 | 15:50h | UTC

Paying research participants — a lot — may be a key to increasing diversity in studies – STAT

SR | The effect of parental leave on parents’ mental health

15 Feb, 2023 | 15:44h | UTC

The effect of parental leave on parents’ mental health: a systematic review – The Lancet Public Health

Invited Commentary: Paid parental leave and mental health: the importance of equitable policy design – The Lancet Public Health

News Release: Generous parental leave schemes protect against poorer mental health – Stockholm University / News Medical

Diagnostic Study | Level of attention to motherese speech as an early marker of autism spectrum disorder

14 Feb, 2023 | 11:04h | UTC

Summary: A study was conducted to determine if levels of attention to motherese speech can be used as a diagnostic marker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and if they are associated with social and language abilities. The study involved 653 toddlers aged 12 to 48 months and used gaze-contingent eye tracking to measure attention to motherese speech. The results showed that toddlers without ASD had high levels of fixation on motherese speech, while those with ASD had significantly reduced levels. If a toddler fixated on motherese speech at or below 30%, the probability of them being accurately diagnosed with ASD was 94%, and it was also associated with reduced social and language abilities. The findings suggest that attention to motherese speech may be a diagnostic and prognostic marker of ASD.

(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)

Article: Level of Attention to Motherese Speech as an Early Marker of Autism Spectrum Disorder – JAMA Network Open

Commentaries:

Attention to motherese speech is a promising early diagnostic marker for autism spectrum disorder – News Medical

Toddlers’ Attention to ‘Motherese’ Could Give Clues to Autism – HealthDay

Developments under assisted dying legislation: the experience in Belgium and other countries

14 Feb, 2023 | 11:02h | UTC

Summary: The legalization of assisted dying (including euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide) remains a controversial issue as more countries consider such laws. A selective literature review was conducted to examine the developments globally, and the experience in Belgium was found to be instructive. Since legalization, the practice of assisted dying has increased gradually, accompanied by a growing acceptance among the public and physicians. Although fears have been largely alleviated, ongoing monitoring and research are necessary to address important concerns. Research in Belgium has not found evidence of harmful effects, but the implementation of assisted dying laws should always consider integration into the healthcare system, physician training, conscientious objection, availability of palliative care, public education, and monitoring systems. To ensure the quality of end-of-life care, it is advisable to set up monitoring and evaluation systems and carry out impartial studies. It is important to have high levels of openness and involvement with healthcare providers and the general public.

(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)

Article: Developments Under Assisted Dying Legislation: The Experience in Belgium and other countries – Deutsches Ärzteblatt international

Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models

14 Feb, 2023 | 11:00h | UTC

Summary: The researchers evaluated the performance of ChatGPT, a large language-based AI, on the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE). The USMLE is a set of three standardized tests required for medical licensure in the US. The results showed that ChatGPT performed at or near the passing threshold (60%) on all three exams without specialized training or reinforcement. The AI also demonstrated a high level of concordance and insight in its explanations, suggesting that it may have potential to assist with medical education and potentially, clinical decision-making in the future. This marks a notable milestone in AI maturation and increased confidence in its trust and explainability.

(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)

Article: Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models – PLOS Digital Health

News Release: ChatGPT can (almost) pass the US Medical Licensing Exam – PLOS

Commentaries:

Expert reaction to study on ChatGPT almost passing the US Medical Licensing Exam – Science Media Centre

New and surprising evidence that ChatGPT can perform several intricate tasks relevant to handling complex medical and clinical information – News Medical

Commentary from one of the authors on Twitter (thread – click for more)

our work showing that ChatGPT passed the US Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) is published @PLOSDigiHealth!

there's tons of chatter about LLMs in healthcare.

AI is not going to replace doctors anytime soon, but here are the key takeaways from this work:

? https://t.co/OQs2Tlfwjx pic.twitter.com/v3UWjScLth

— Morgan Cheatham (@morgancheatham) February 13, 2023

Perspective | ChatGPT-assisted diagnosis: is the future suddenly here?

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:59h | UTC

Summary: The article discusses the potential of ChatGPT, a new AI chatbot, to revolutionize medical diagnosis. It compares ChatGPT’s performance with that of symptom checkers and physicians, finding that it performs better than symptom checkers and is approaching the accuracy of physicians. The article highlights the limitations of the study, including the small sample size and sensitivity of results to the way information is presented. It also acknowledges potential challenges with the use of AI in medical diagnosis, including the need for more rigorous testing, the issue of feeding patient information into an algorithm, and the possibility of AI algorithms being biased. Despite these challenges, the article suggests that the future of computer-assisted diagnosis is here and the healthcare system will need to address these challenges.

(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)

Source: ChatGPT-assisted diagnosis: Is the future suddenly here? – STAT

Opinion | The “evidence pyramid” should be dismantled, brick by ill-conceived brick

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:57h | UTC

Summary: The text criticizes the use of the so-called “evidence pyramid” in medicine, which suggests that systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) are the highest level of evidence in medicine. The author argues that SRMAs are not evidence themselves, but a lens through which actual evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies is viewed. They depend on the quality of the review process and the evidence appraised, which are often low quality and small studies with various methodologies. The author suggests that a better framework would place RCTs at the top of the pyramid and relegates SRMAs to the role of a lens. The author also points out that good observational studies may be better than bad RCTs, and that each paper should be read and judged on its individual merits, not by its strata on a pyramid.

(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)

Source: The “evidence pyramid” should be dismantled, brick by ill-conceived brick – Sensible Medicine

Perspective | Generating scholarly content with ChatGPT: ethical challenges for medical publishing

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:58h | UTC

Summary: The article discusses the ethical challenges posed by the use of ChatGPT, an AI chatbot, in medical publishing. The authors note that the impact of generative AI on medical publishing is currently unknown, but it could have substantial ethical implications, including copyright, attribution, plagiarism, and authorship issues. The authors argue that there is a growing need for robust AI author guidelines in scholarly publishing, and that the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers has produced a white paper on AI ethics. They also raise concerns about the potential for ChatGPT to widen existing disparities in knowledge dissemination and scholarly publishing, as well as the potential for the chatbot to produce misleading or inaccurate content. The authors call on The Lancet Digital Health and the Lancet family to initiate discussions around the implications of AI-generated content within scholarly publishing and to create comprehensive guidance.

(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)

Article: Generating scholarly content with ChatGPT: ethical challenges for medical publishing – The Lancet Digital Health

Study suggests long-term caloric restriction could slow biological aging in healthy adults

14 Feb, 2023 | 10:52h | UTC

Summary: The article reports the results of a study that analyzed the impact of caloric restriction (CR), defined as reducing caloric intake without depriving essential nutrients, on DNA methylation, a measure of aging, in blood samples from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trial. The results showed that the CALERIE intervention slowed the pace of aging, as measured by the DunedinPACE DNAm algorithm, but did not lead to significant changes in biological age estimates measured by various DNAm clocks. The authors note that while treatment effect sizes were small, a modest slowing of the pace of aging can have a significant impact on population health. They also highlight the need for further trials with long-term follow-up to establish the effects of interventions on primary healthy-aging endpoints, including the incidence of chronic disease and mortality.

(By ChatGPT, reviewed and edited)

Article: Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial – Nature Aging

Commentaries:

Long-term caloric restriction has a small effect on the DNA methylation measure of the pace of aging – News Medical

Expert reaction to study looking at long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults – Science Media Centre

Restrict calories to live longer, study says, but critics say more proof is needed – CNN

Video | ChatGPT: will it transform the world of health care?

13 Feb, 2023 | 12:55h | UTC

ChatGPT: Will It Transform the World of Health Care? – UCSF Department of Medicine

ChatGPT and the future of medical writing (ChatGPT itself wrote this paper)

The path forward for ChatGPT in academia – Lumo’s Newsletter

Nonhuman “Authors” and Implications for the Integrity of Scientific Publication and Medical Knowledge – JAMA

Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use – Nature

ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove – Nature

Let’s Do the Cochrane Review of Physical Measures to Reduce the Spread of Viruses – Sensible Medicine

Research shows ad libitum meal energy intake is influenced by energy density, eating rate and hyper-palatable foods

8 Feb, 2023 | 12:36h | UTC

Ad libitum meal energy intake is positively influenced by energy density, eating rate and hyper-palatable food across four dietary patterns – Nature Food (free for a limited period)

News Release: Research shows impact of ‘hyper-palatable’ foods across four diets – University of Kansas

Commentary from one of the authors on Twitter (thread – click for more)

What determines how many calories people eat during a meal? Our new study, led by Tera Fazzino @UnivOfKansas, was just published in @NatureFoodJnl & investigated the meal characteristics that influence ad libitum energy intake. https://t.co/Of2IzddLRd

— Kevin Hall (@KevinH_PhD) January 30, 2023

Opinion | Let’s do the Cochrane review of physical measures to reduce the spread of viruses

7 Feb, 2023 | 14:11h | UTC

Original Study: SR | Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses

ChatGPT and the future of medical writing (ChatGPT itself wrote this paper)

6 Feb, 2023 | 13:31h | UTC

ChatGPT and the Future of Medical Writing – Radiology

Editorials:

ChatGPT Is Shaping the Future of Medical Writing but Still Requires Human Judgment – Radiology

ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models Are Double-edged Swords – Radiology

Commentaries:

AI program ChatGPT now has a published article in Radiology—is it any good? – Health Imaging

Peer-Reviewed Journal Publishes Paper Written Almost Entirely by ChatGPT— It required close editing, human co-author said – MedPage Today (free registration required)

The path forward for ChatGPT in academia – Lumo’s Newsletter

Nonhuman “Authors” and Implications for the Integrity of Scientific Publication and Medical Knowledge – JAMA

Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use – Nature

ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove – Nature

ChatGPT: five priorities for research

6 Feb, 2023 | 13:30h | UTC

ChatGPT and the Future of Medical Writing – Radiology

Nonhuman “Authors” and Implications for the Integrity of Scientific Publication and Medical Knowledge – JAMA

The path forward for ChatGPT in academia – Lumo’s Newsletter

Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use – Nature

ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove – Nature